Insulin Human(Recombinant)

Specification

• Cat#: THP-0129
• Product Name: Insulin Human(Recombinant)
• Description: The product is a recombinant 51 residue peptide hormone, composed of two amino acid chains covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The structure is identical to native human insulin, inserting the human insulin gene into the E.coli bacteria or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
• Sequences: GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCNFVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT
• Species: Human
• Molecular Weight: 5808.0 Da
• Purity: >99% by SDS-Page and HPLC analysis
• Cas No: 11061-68-0
• Formula: C257H383N65O77S6
• Endotoxin Level: <0.001 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method
• Biological Activity: 100IU/ml

Pharmaceutical Information

• Pharmaceutical Application: Insulin Human
• Applications: Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Examples of Clinical Use: Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus
• Pharmacodynamics: Insulin regular is a short-acting insulin. When subcutaneously administered, the onset of action (as evidenced by a decrease in glucose level) occurs 30 minutes post-dose. Maximal effect occurs between 1.5 and 3.5 hours post-dose. The glucose-lowering effect occurs 8 hours post-dose. Compared to other rapid-acting insulin analogs, insulin regular has a slower onset of action and longer duration of action.
• Mechanism of action: The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and other tissues except brain and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver.Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism.
• Affected organisms: Humans and other mammals
• Targets: Target 1. Insulin receptor; Target 2. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; Target 3. Retinoblastoma-associated protein; Target 4. Cathepsin D; Target 5. Insulin-degrading enzyme; Target 6. Neuroendocrine convertase 2; Target 7. Carboxypeptidase E; Target 8. Neuroendocrine convertase 1; Target 9. Protein NOV homolog; Target 10. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2; Target 11. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7; Target 12. Synaptotagmin-like protein 4; Enzyme 1. Cytochrome P450 1A2