Tilactase; Beta-D-galactosidase

Specification

• Cat#: THP-0026
• Product Name: Tilactase; Beta-D-galactosidase
• Cas No: 9031-11-2
• Description: The product is a beta-D-galactosidase obtained from Aspergillus oryzae. The beta-D-galactosidase us a large monomeric multi-domain enzyme of 985 residues that presents a catalytic (alpha/beta)8-barrel domain.
• Sequences: MKLLSVAAVALLAAQAAGASIKHRLNGFTILEHPDPAKRDLLQDIVTWDDKSLFINGERIMLFSGEVHPFRLPVPSLWLDIFHKIRALGFNCVSFYIDWALLEGKPGDYRAEGIFALEPFFDAAKEAGIYLIARPGSYINAEVSGGGFPGWLQRVNGTLRSSDEPFLKATDNYIANAAAAVAKAQITNGGPVILYQPENEYSGGCCGVKYPDADYMQYVMDQARKADIVVPFISNDASPSGHNAPGSGTSAVDIYGHDSYPLGFDCANPSVWPEGKLPDNFRTLHLEQSPSTPYSLLEFQAGAFDPWGGPGFEKCYALVNHEFSRVFYRNDLSFGVSTFNLYMTFGGTNWGNLGHPGGYTSYDYGSPITETRNVTREKYSDIKLLANFVKASPSYLTATPRNLTTGVYTDTSDLAVTPLIGDSPGSFFVVRHTDYSSQESTSYKLKLPTSAGNLTIPQLEGTLSLNGRDSKIHVVDYNVSGTNIIYSTAEVFTWKKFDGNKVLVLYGGPKEHHELAIASKSNVTIIEGSDSGIVSTRKGSSVIIGWDVSSTRRIVQVGDLRVFLLDRNSAYNYWVPELPTEGTSPGFSTSKTTASSIIVKAGYLLRGAHLDGADLHLTADFNATTPIEVIGAPTGAKNLFVNGEKASHTVDKNGIWSSEVKYAAPEIKLPGLKDLDWKYLDTLPEIKSSYDDSAWVSADLPKTKNTHRPLDTPTSLYSSDYGFHTGYLIYRGHFVANGKESEFFIRTQGGSAFGSSVWLNETYLGSWTGADYAMDGNSTYKLSQLESGKNYVITVVIDNLGLDENWTVGEETMKNPRGILSYKLSGQDASAITWKLTGNLGGEDYQDKVRGPLNEGGLYAERQGFHQPQPPSESWESGSPLEGLSKPGIGFYTAQFDLDLPKGWDVPLYFNFGNNTQAARAQLYVNGYQYGKFTGNVGPQTSFPVPEGILNYRGTNYVALSLWALESDGAKLGSFELSYTTPVLTGYGNVESPEQPKYEQRKGAY
• Species: Aspergillus oryzae
• Molecular Weight: 102000.0 Da
• Formula: Not Available
• Endotoxin: <0.001 EU per 1 μg by the LAL method
• Biological Activity: 3400U/cap
• Application: The product is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of lactose intolerance in infants and older patients requiring a parenteral nutrition or fluid diet. Lactose intolerance occurs when there is an existence of an inability to break down lactose which is commonly found in dairy products. This inability occurs when the lactase levels are reduced and thus there is no via to digest and break down the lactose. The undigested lactose moves into the large intestine where normal flora bacteria can interact with it and cause bloating, gas and diarrhea.

Pharmaceutical Information

• Pharmaceutical Application: Tilactase
• Targets: Target 1. Lactose

Related Reading

Historically known for its pivotal role in the metabolism of lactose, Tilactase has remained a subject of undying curiosity among biochemists and genetic researchers worldwide. In this ensemble, we delve into the background, functions, molecular pathways, impacts on diseases, and potential medical applications of the vital protein – Tilactase.

Background of Tilactase

Tilactase, also recognized as lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, is an essential enzyme present on the brush border membrane of the mammalian intestinal microvilli. It is typically responsible for the hydrolysis of lactose – the vital sugar found in milk. Its deficiency results in lactose intolerance, a condition characterized by the inability to digest lactose, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Discovery: German physician and chemist, Carl Frederick Wilhelm Ludwig, first noticed the action of lactase in 1860. Subsequently, in 1929, Roger J. Williams discovered the enzyme. But it was not until 1965 that scientists identified lactase deficiency as the primary cause of lactose intolerance.
Gene Locus: The LCT gene, located on chromosome 2 at locus 2q21, encodes the tilactase enzyme. It covers approximately 49.2 kilobases, consisting of 17 exons and intervenes between the genes of MCM6 (Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 6) and R3HDML (R3H Domain Containing Like).
Protein Structure: Tilactase possesses a complex protein structure identified as a single-pass type II membrane protein. It demonstrates a modular structure with 4-glycosidase homology domains, and a fifth serine protease-like domain.

Tilactase Function

The primary function of Tilactase is to catalyze the splitting of the disaccharide lactose into its basic monosaccharide units - glucose and galactose – facilitating their absorption across the small intestine.

Tilactase-Related Signaling Pathways

The lactase gene expression primarily occurs in enterocytes along the crypt-villus axis and the signaling pathways influencing this gene expression are multifaceted.
The TGF-beta/Smad Pathway: Reports correlate the Transforming Growth Factor-beta/Smad pathway with decreased lactase expression.
WNT Signaling Pathways: The canonical WNT/beta-catenin signaling pathway is implicated in promoting the enhancement of lactase gene expression.
Notch Signaling: This pathway's stimulation inhibits lactase expression, favoring absorption for carbohydrates.

Tilactase Related Diseases

Tilactase deficiency has been directly linked to lactose intolerance, but its imperative role in numerous other diseases has been suggested, including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and celiac disease. A decrease in lactase activity has been established in these diseases, affecting nutrient absorption.

Application of Tilactase in Medicine

Tilactase is used as a therapeutic agent to manage lactose intolerance. It gets incorporated into various lactose-free dairy products or as supplements. The enzyme can also enhance oral drug delivery.

Drug Candidates Related to Tilactase

Several tilactase supplementation forms available over-the-counter include Lactaid, SureLac, and DairyEase. Also, approved medications such as RizmoLac are given for full-blown lactose intolerance.
To wrap up, the importance of Tilactase cannot be overstated. It enjoys a wide therapeutic application window owing to its crucial physiological role. However, a deeper understanding of the finer nuances of its signaling pathways and their role in mediating expressions could shed more light on its contributions to different diseases. This would also pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies involving Tilactase impacted ailments in the future.