Scorpion (centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine)

Catalog#	Product Name	Availability	Size	Price	Qty
THP-0169	Scorpion (centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine)	September 27, 2023	1 vial	$3,998.00
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Cat#:	THP-0169
Product Name:	Scorpion (centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine)
Description:	The product is a purified preparation of immune globulin F(ab’)2 fragments that are derived from plasma of the horses immunized with venom of C. noxius, C. l. limpidus, C. l. tecomanus, and C. s. suffusus. It is produced from equine IgG antibodies.
Sequences:	Not Available
Species:	Equine
Molecular Weight:	Not Available
Cas No:	Not Available
Formula:	Not Available
Endotoxin Level:	<0.001 EU per 1 μg of the peptide by the LAL method
Biological Activity:	7mg/ml

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1. A brief introduction to Scorpion (centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin

Scorpion (Centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine) is a medication used for the treatment of scorpion envenomation caused by Centruroides scorpions, specifically the Centruroides sculpturatus species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
This antivenin is derived from equine (horse) sources. It is composed of Fab fragments, which are smaller immune molecules that specifically target and neutralize the venom toxins produced by scorpions. The Fab fragments are obtained from horses that have been immunized with scorpion venom, resulting in the production of antibodies against the venom.

2. Features of Scorpion (centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine)

Scorpion (Centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine) has several key features that make it an effective treatment for scorpion envenomation:
1. Specificity: The antivenin is specifically designed to neutralize the venom toxins produced by scorpions, particularly those from the Centruroides genus. It targets and binds to the venom, preventing its harmful effects.
2. Equine-derived: The antivenin is produced using the plasma of horses that have been immunized with scorpion venom. The immune response of the horses generates antibodies that are then extracted and purified to create the antivenin.
3. Fab2 Fragments: The antivenin consists of Fab2 fragments, which are smaller antibody fragments derived from the original whole antibody molecule. Fab2 fragments retain the antigen-binding capability of the antibodies, allowing them to bind and neutralize venom toxins. These fragments are more easily produced and have a reduced risk of allergic reactions compared to whole antibody molecules.
4. Fc Region Removal: The antivenin is purified to remove the Fc region, which is responsible for mediating inflammatory responses and allergic reactions. This minimizes the risk of adverse effects in patients receiving the antivenin treatment.
5. High Affinity: The Fab2 fragments in the antivenin have a high affinity for scorpion venom toxins, allowing them to bind to the toxins more effectively.
6. Rapid Action: Scorpion immune Fab2 antivenin acts quickly to neutralize venom toxins, reducing the severity and progression of symptoms associated with scorpion envenomation.
7. Safety and Efficacy: The antivenin has been extensively tested for safety and efficacy in clinical trials. It is approved for use as a treatment for scorpion envenomation by regulatory authorities.
Overall, Scorpion immune Fab2 antivenin (equine) is a specific and effective treatment option for individuals who have been envenomated by scorpions, particularly those belonging to the Centruroides genus.

3. Medical applications of Scorpion (centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine)

Scorpion (Centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine) has several medical applications in the treatment of scorpion envenomation:
1. Emergency Treatment: Scorpion stings can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, numbness, muscle spasms, respiratory distress, and even death in severe cases. The antivenin is administered to individuals presenting with moderate to severe symptoms of scorpion envenomation to neutralize the venom and alleviate the effects.
2. Symptom Reduction: The antivenin helps reduce pain, muscle spasms, and other neurological symptoms associated with scorpion stings. It acts quickly to halt the progression of symptoms, providing significant relief to patients.
3. Prevention of Complications: Severe scorpion envenomation can lead to complications such as cardiac abnormalities, respiratory failure, and neurological deficits. Prompt administration of the antivenin can prevent or minimize these potential complications, improving patient outcomes.
4. Pediatric Treatment: Scorpion envenomation is particularly dangerous for children, as they can experience more severe symptoms compared to adults. The antivenin is also approved for use in pediatric patients, providing vital treatment for children who have been stung by scorpions.
5. Reducing Hospitalization Time: The timely administration of the antivenin can significantly reduce the length of hospital stay for patients with scorpion envenomation. By rapidly neutralizing the venom and alleviating symptoms, patients can recover faster and require less intensive medical management.
It is important to note that the medical applications of Scorpion immune Fab2 antivenin (equine) are specific to scorpion envenomation and not for other venomous bites or stings. Additionally, individual patient characteristics and the severity of the envenomation dictate the appropriate use and dosage of the antivenin. Medical professionals should assess each case and administer the antivenin as per established treatment guidelines.

Pharmaceutical Application:	Scorpion (centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine)
Applications:	Indicated for treatment of clinical signs of scorpion envenomation.
Examples of Clinical Use:	Scorpion envenomation
Pharmacodynamics:	In 2008, 15 522 scorpion envenomations were reported to the National Poison Data System in the USA, with one fatality ocurring in a toddler. In the United States, Centruroides sculpturatus, commonly known as the Arizona bark scorpion, is the only scorpion species whose venom is toxic to humans. Though most Centruroides scorpion stings in adults are well-tolerated with minimal effects, pediatric patients are quite susceptible to signicant morbidity from the venom.In a pharmacokinetic study of 1534 patients, 95-100% of the study group were relieved of systemic signs associated with scorpion envenomation in less than four hours after initiating treatment. In the historical control database, only 3.1% of patients experienced relief of symptoms within 4 hours of hospital admission. Clinical manifestations of scorpion sting and envenomation include sweating, salivation, cool extremities, priapism, hypertension or hypotension, and tachycardia.In 1396/1534 patients, the average time from the start of the product infusion to the resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of envenomation was 1.42 hours (0.2 to 20.5 hours). Pediatric patients were found to experience a slightly faster time to resolution (1.28 ± 0.8 hours) compared to that of adult patients (1.91 ±1.4 hours). The time to resolution of symptoms was not affected by use of sedatives (474 patients who received sedatives resolved in 1.49 ± 1.1 hours and 922 patients who did not receive sedatives resolved in 1.38 ± 0.9 hours).
Mechanism of action:	Anascorp, the trade name of this drug, is composed of venom-specific F(ab’)2 fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that bind to and neutralize venom toxins, promoting redistribution away from target tissues and subsequent elimination from the body.
Affected organisms:	Humans and other mammals

Scorpion (centruroides) immune Fab2 antivenin (equine)

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