Ceruloplasmin (CP)

Specification

• Cat#: THP-0276
• Product Name: Ceruloplasmin (CP)
• Description: Ceruloplasmin (CP) protein is produced by Rat Serum. Protein Concentration: Typically >0.5 mg/mL (lot specific). Rat Ceruloplasmin is an approximately 120 kDa monomeric serum protein that fuctions as a copper transporter. It is a positive acute phase reactant, the levels of which increase significantly in rats in response to inflammation, tissue injury and disease.
• Molecular Weight: 120 kDa
• Source: Rat Serum
• Introduction: Ceruloplasmin is a blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iron transport across the cell membrane. Provides Cu(2+) ions for the ascorbate-mediated deaminase degradation of the heparan sulfate chains of GPC1. May also play a role in fetal lung development or pulmonary antioxidant defense. Defects in CP are the cause of aceruloplasminemia (ACERULOP). It is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism characterized by iron accumulation in the brain as well as visceral organs. Clinical features consist of the triad of retinal degeneration, diabetes mellitus and neurological disturbances. Ceruloplasmin levels are decreased in Wilson disease, in which copper cannot be incorporated into ceruloplasmin in liver because of defects in the copper-transporting ATPase 2. Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.
• Formulation: Liquid

Pharmaceutical Information

• Applications: It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iron transport across the cell membrane. Provides Cu(2+) ions for the ascorbate-mediated deaminase degradation of the heparan sulfate chains of GPC1. May also play a role in fetal lung development or pulmonary antioxidant defense.
• Examples of Clinical Use: Oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species, and providing Cu(2+) ions for the ascorbate-mediated deaminase degradation of the heparan sulfate chains of GPC1.
• Affected organisms: Humans

Related Reading

Ceruloplasmin protein, also known as CP, is a copper protein with important biological functions in the body. Its gene is located on the human chromosome 3q23-q24, consisting of 1046 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of approximately 132kDa. CP is mainly present in the blood, but it is also expressed in other tissues.

The Function of Ceruloplasmin

CP is a dual functional copper carrier and oxidase. It maintains the normal level of trace element copper in the body by binding to free copper ions and transporting them to distant organs or by reducing the concentration of intracellular free copper. In addition, CP can reduce the bivalent copper ions into monovalent copper ions in the oxidase reaction, releasing free radicals. At the same time, it needs to cooperate with intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) to transform free radicals and reduce their damage to cells. In addition, CP also has regulatory effects on iron metabolism, antioxidant, immune regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects in the body.

Ceruloplasmin related signaling pathway

The research on the signaling pathway of CP is relatively limited. It is known that the expression and activity of CP are influenced by many factors, such as pH, oxygen levels, cell apoptosis, etc. Among them, the role of cytokines is one of the important factors regulating the CP. IL-6 and TNF- α It is one of the most important regeneration factors of CP, which can promote liver synthesis and secretion of CP. In tumor cells, IL-6 and TNF- α It is also possible to promote the expression of CP by activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.

Cereloplasmin related diseases

Copper metabolic disorders

One of the important roles of CP in the body is responsible for the transport and metabolism of copper ions. Therefore, in copper metabolic disorders, such as AIDS, acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, etc., the expression and activity of CP are affected, resulting in interference of its copper metabolism.

Erythrocytic anemia

The lack of CP in red blood cells can lead to an excessive iron reaction, accelerate iron deposition, and cause erythrolytic anemia.

Nervous system disease

The combination of copper ions with some neuronal proteins has important physiological functions. The important role of CP in the nervous system is to regulate the homeostasis of copper ions, maintain neuronal function and tissue metabolism. In some nervous system disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the abnormal expression or activity change of CP will aggravate the process of these diseases.

The potential application of CP in medicine

The study of CP has many potential applications in medicine. Current research shows that CP has important potential application value in alleviating cancer, cardiovascular disease, nervous system disease and inflammation. For example, CP can alleviate some inflammatory related diseases by inhibiting the generation of free radicals and regulating the level of copper ions. In addition, CP can also serve as a potential therapeutic tool for anticancer research, promoting tumor metabolism and immunotherapy in patients with malignant tumors. The specific application value still needs further research.

List of drugs under research related to CP

Nifedipine: Nifedipine is a commonly used calcium antagonist that can exert anti-myocardial ischemia, lower blood pressure, and promote the generation and secretion of CP in the blood.

Desthiazolin: Desthiazolin is a drug used to treat AIDS. It can improve the metabolism of copper ions in AIDS patients by increasing the content of CP in their bodies.

Blindotuzumab: Blindotuzumab is an antibody drug used to treat malignant tumors, which can reduce cancer cell activity and increase the level of CP in patients by inhibiting the IL-6 signaling pathway.

In summary, the CP plays a crucial role in the body, as its abnormal expression and activity changes can cause a series of diseases. Although there are still many unsolved mysteries in its signaling pathways and medical applications, research related to CP has gradually focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and is receiving increasing attention from the medical community. In the future, with the continuous breakthroughs in technology and innovation in disease treatment methods, the application prospects of CP research will become increasingly broad.