Bovine Thrombin

Specification

• Cat#: THP-0095
• Product Name: Bovine Thrombin
• Description: Thrombin, Also known as coagulation factor II, is a serine protease that plays a physiological role in regulating hemostasis and maintaining blood coagulation. It is a protein substance produced through a conversion reaction in which prothrombin of bovine origin is activated by tissue thromboplastin in the presence of calcium chloride.
• Sequences: MARVRGPRLPGCLALAALFSLVHSQHVFLAHQQASSLLQRARRANKGFLEEVRKGNLERECLEEPCSREEAFEALESLSATDAFWAKYTACESARNPREKLNECLEGNCAEGVGMNYRGNVSVTRSGIECQLWRSRYPHKPEINSTTHPGADLRENFCRNPDGSITGPWCYTTSPTLRREECSVPVCGQDRVTVEVIPRSGGSTTSQSPLLETCVPDRGREYRGRLAVTTSGSRCLAWSSEQAKALSKDQDFNPAVPLAENFCRNPDGDEEGAWCYVADQPGDFEYCDLNYCEEPVDGDLGDRLGEDPDPDAAIEGRTSEDHFQPFFNEKTFGAGEADCGLRPLFEKKQVQDQTEKELFESYIEGRIVEGQDAEVGLSPWQVMLFRKSPQELLCGASLISDRWVLTAAHCLLYPPWDKNFTVDDLLVRIGKHSRTRYERKVEKISMLDKIYIHPRYNWKENLDRDIALLKLKRPIELSDYIHPVCLPDKQTAAKLLHAGFKGRVTGWGNRRETWTTSVAEVQPSVLQVVNLPLVERPVCKASTRIRITDNMFCAGYKPGEGKRGDACEGDSGGPFVMKSPYNNRWYQMGIVSWGEGCDRDGKYGFYTHVFRLKKWIQKVIDRLGS
• Species: Bovine
• Molecular Weight: Not Available
• Cas No: Not Available
• Formula: Not Available
• Endotoxin Level: <0.001 EU per 1 μg by the LAL method
• Biological Activity: 5000IU/5ml

Pharmaceutical Information

• Pharmaceutical Application: Thrombin
• Applications: The product is indicated to aid hemostasis whenever oozing blood and minor bleeding from capillaries and small venules is accessible and control of bleeding by standard surgical techniques (like suture, ligature, or cautery) is ineffective or impractical. Additionally, the product can also be used in combination with an absorbable gelatin sponge, USP.
• Examples of Clinical Use: Oozing blood and minor bleeding
• Pharmacodynamics: Little has been reported about the systemic pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the product preparations, but it is expected that the product elicits similar activities as endogenous product. Subsequently, it is believed the product, functions as a coagulation factor that converts clotting factor XI to XIa, factor VIII to VIIIa, V to Va, fibrinogen to fibrin, and XIII to XIIIa. Specifically, clotting factor XIIIa is a transglutaminase that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the lysine and glutamine residues found in fibrin. These covalent bonds assist in increasing the stability of the fibrin clot. Additionally, the product also promotes the activation and aggregation of platelets by way of activating protease-activated receptors on the cell membranes of platelets.
• Mechanism of action: Bovine thrombin requires no intermediate physiological agent for its action. It activates platelets and catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which are essential steps for clot formation. Failure to clot blood occurs in the case where the primary clotting defect is the absence of fibrinogen itself. The speed with which the bovine thrombin clots blood is dependent upon the concentration of both the bovine thrombin and the fibrinogen present.
• Affected organisms: Humans and other mammals
• Targets: Target 1. Proteinase-activated receptor 1; Target 2. Proteinase-activated receptor 4; Target 3. Coagulation factor XI; Target 4. Coagulation factor XIII A chain; Target 5. Coagulation factor XIII B chain; Target 6. Fibrinogen alpha chain; Target 7. Fibrinogen beta chain; Target 8. Fibrinogen gamma chain; Target 9. Coagulation factor V; Target 10. Coagulation factor VIII